Worthy.Bible » Parallel » Romans » Chapter 2 » Verse 1-29

Romans 2:1-29 King James Version (KJV)

1 Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.

2 But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things.

3 And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

4 Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

5 But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

6 Who will render to every man according to his deeds:

7 To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life:

8 But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath,

9 Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;

10 But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile:

11 For there is no respect of persons with God.

12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;

13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.

14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:

15 Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)

16 In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.

17 Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God,

18 And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law;

19 And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,

20 An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law.

21 Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?

22 Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege?

23 Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law dishonourest thou God?

24 For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written.

25 For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.

26 Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?

27 And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?

28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

29 But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.


Romans 2:1-29 King James Version with Strong's Concordance (STRONG)

1 Therefore G1352 thou art G1488 inexcusable, G379 O G5599 man, G444 whosoever G3956 thou art that judgest: G2919 for G1063 wherein G1722 G3739 thou judgest G2919 another, G2087 thou condemnest G2632 thyself; G4572 for G1063 thou that judgest G2919 doest G4238 the same things. G846

2 But G1161 we are sure G1492 that G3754 the judgment G2917 of God G2316 is G2076 according G2596 to truth G225 against G1909 them which commit G4238 such things. G5108

3 And G1161 thinkest thou G3049 this, G5124 O G5599 man, G444 that judgest G2919 them which do G4238 such things, G5108 and G2532 doest G4160 the same, G846 that G3754 thou G4771 shalt escape G1628 the judgment G2917 of God? G2316

4 Or G2228 despisest thou G2706 the riches G4149 of his G846 goodness G5544 and G2532 forbearance G463 and G2532 longsuffering; G3115 not knowing G50 that G3754 the goodness G5543 of God G2316 leadeth G71 thee G4571 to G1519 repentance? G3341

5 But G1161 after G2596 thy G4675 hardness G4643 and G2532 impenitent G279 heart G2588 treasurest up G2343 unto thyself G4572 wrath G3709 against G1722 the day G2250 of wrath G3709 and G2532 revelation G602 of the righteous judgment G1341 of God; G2316

6 Who G3739 will render G591 to every man G1538 according G2596 to his G846 deeds: G2041

7 To them who by G3303 G2596 patient continuance G5281 in well G18 doing G2041 seek G2212 for glory G1391 and G2532 honour G5092 and G2532 immortality, G861 eternal G166 life: G2222

8 But G1161 unto them that are contentious, G1537 G2052 and G2532 do not obey G544 G3303 the truth, G225 but G1161 obey G3982 unrighteousness, G93 indignation G2372 and G2532 wrath, G3709

9 Tribulation G2347 and G2532 anguish, G4730 upon G1909 every G3956 soul G5590 of man G444 that doeth G2716 evil, G2556 of the Jew G2453 first, G4412 and G5037 also G2532 of the Gentile; G1672

10 But G1161 G2532 glory, G1391 honour, G5092 and G2532 peace, G1515 to every man G3956 that worketh G2038 good, G18 to the Jew G2453 first, G4412 and G5037 also G2532 to the Gentile: G1672

11 For G1063 there is G2076 no G3756 respect of persons G4382 with G3844 God. G2316

12 For G1063 as many as G3745 have sinned G264 without law G460 shall G622 also G2532 perish G622 without law: G460 and G2532 as many as G3745 have sinned G264 in G1722 the law G3551 shall be judged G2919 by G1223 the law; G3551

13 (For G1063 not G3756 the hearers G202 of the law G3551 are just G1342 before G3844 God, G2316 but G235 the doers G4163 of the law G3551 shall be justified. G1344

14 For G1063 when G3752 the Gentiles, G1484 which G3588 have G2192 not G3361 the law, G3551 do G4160 by nature G5449 the things G3588 contained in the law, G3551 these, G3778 having G2192 not G3361 the law, G3551 are G1526 a law G3551 unto themselves: G1438

15 Which G3748 shew G1731 the work G2041 of the law G3551 written G1123 in G1722 their G846 hearts, G2588 their G846 conscience G4893 also bearing witness, G4828 and G2532 their thoughts G3053 the mean while accusing G2723 or G2228 else G2532 excusing G626 one another;) G3342 G240

16 In G1722 the day G2250 when G3753 God G2316 shall judge G2919 the secrets G2927 of men G444 by G1223 Jesus G2424 Christ G5547 according G2596 to my G3450 gospel. G2098

17 Behold, G2396 thou G4771 art called G2028 a Jew, G2453 and G2532 restest G1879 in the law, G3551 and G2532 makest thy boast G2744 of G1722 God, G2316

18 And G2532 knowest G1097 his will, G2307 and G2532 approvest G1381 the things that are more excellent, G1308 being instructed G2727 out of G1537 the law; G3551

19 And G5037 art confident G3982 that thou thyself G4572 art G1511 a guide G3595 of the blind, G5185 a light G5457 of them which are in G1722 darkness, G4655

20 An instructor G3810 of the foolish, G878 a teacher G1320 of babes, G3516 which hast G2192 the form G3446 of knowledge G1108 and G2532 of the truth G225 in G1722 the law. G3551

21 Thou therefore G3767 which G3588 teachest G1321 another, G2087 teachest thou G1321 not G3756 thyself? G4572 thou that preachest G2784 a man should G2813 not G3361 steal, G2813 dost thou steal? G2813

22 Thou that sayest G3004 a man should G3431 not G3361 commit adultery, G3431 dost thou commit adultery? G3431 thou that abhorrest G948 idols, G1497 dost thou commit sacrilege? G2416

23 Thou G3739 that makest thy boast G2744 of G1722 the law, G3551 through G1223 breaking G3847 the law G3551 dishonourest thou G818 God? G2316

24 For G1063 the name G3686 of God G2316 is blasphemed G987 among G1722 the Gentiles G1484 through G1223 you, G5209 as G2531 it is written. G1125

25 For G1063 circumcision G4061 verily G3303 profiteth, G5623 if G1437 thou keep G4238 the law: G3551 but G1161 if G1437 thou be G5600 a breaker G3848 of the law, G3551 thy G4675 circumcision G4061 is made G1096 uncircumcision. G203

26 Therefore G3767 if G1437 the uncircumcision G203 keep G5442 the righteousness G1345 of the law, G3551 shall G3049 not G3780 his G846 uncircumcision G203 be counted G3049 for G1519 circumcision? G4061

27 And G2532 shall not G2919 uncircumcision G203 which is by G1537 nature, G5449 if it fulfil G5055 the law, G3551 judge G2919 thee, G4571 who by G1223 the letter G1121 and G2532 circumcision G4061 dost transgress G3848 the law? G3551

28 For G1063 he is G2076 not G3756 a Jew, G2453 which is one outwardly; G1722 G5318 neither G3761 is that circumcision, G4061 which is outward G1722 G5318 in G1722 the flesh: G4561

29 But G235 he is a Jew, G2453 which is one inwardly; G1722 G2927 and G2532 circumcision G4061 is that of the heart, G2588 in G1722 the spirit, G4151 and not G3756 in the letter; G1121 whose G3739 praise G1868 is not G3756 of G1537 men, G444 but G235 of G1537 God. G2316


Romans 2:1-29 American Standard (ASV)

1 Wherefore thou art without excuse, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judges another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest dost practise the same things.

2 And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against them that practise such things.

3 And reckonest thou this, O man, who judgest them that practise such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

4 Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

5 but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up for thyself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

6 who will render to every man according to his works:

7 to them that by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life:

8 but unto them that are factious, and obey not the truth, but obey unrighteousness, `shall be' wrath and indignation,

9 tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that worketh evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Greek;

10 but glory and honor and peace to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek:

11 for there is no respect of persons with God.

12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without the law: and as many as have sinned under the law shall be judged by the law;

13 for not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified:

14 (for when Gentiles that have not the law do by nature the things of the law, these, not having the law, are the law unto themselves;

15 in that they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness therewith, and their thoughts one with another accusing or else excusing `them');

16 in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my gospel, by Jesus Christ.

17 But if thou bearest the name of a Jew, and restest upon the law, and gloriest in God,

18 and knowest his will, and approvest the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law,

19 and art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them that are in darkness,

20 a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of babes, having in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth;

21 thou therefore that teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?

22 thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou rob temples?

23 thou who gloriest in the law, through thy transgression of the law dishonorest thou God?

24 For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you, even as it is written.

25 For circumcision indeed profiteth, if thou be a doer of the law: but if thou be a transgressor of the law, thy circumcision is become uncircumcision.

26 If therefore the uncircumcision keep the ordinances of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be reckoned for circumcision?

27 and shall not the uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who with the letter and circumcision art a transgressor of the law?

28 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh:

29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.


Romans 2:1-29 Young's Literal Translation (YLT)

1 Therefore, thou art inexcusable, O man -- every one who is judging -- for in that in which thou dost judge the other, thyself thou dost condemn, for the same things thou dost practise who art judging,

2 and we have known that the judgment of God is according to truth, upon those practising such things.

3 And dost thou think this, O man, who art judging those who such things are practising, and art doing them, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

4 or the riches of His goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering, dost thou despise? -- not knowing that the goodness of God doth lead thee to reformation!

5 but, according to thy hardness and impenitent heart, thou dost treasure up to thyself wrath, in a day of wrath and of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God,

6 who shall render to each according to his works;

7 to those, indeed, who in continuance of a good work, do seek glory, and honour, and incorruptibility -- life age-during;

8 and to those contentious, and disobedient, indeed, to the truth, and obeying the unrighteousness -- indignation and wrath,

9 tribulation and distress, upon every soul of man that is working the evil, both of Jew first, and of Greek;

10 and glory, and honour, and peace, to every one who is working the good, both to Jew first, and to Greek.

11 For there is no acceptance of faces with God,

12 for as many as without law did sin, without law also shall perish, and as many as did sin in law, through law shall be judged,

13 for not the hearers of the law `are' righteous before God, but the doers of the law shall be declared righteous: --

14 For, when nations that have not a law, by nature may do the things of the law, these not having a law -- to themselves are a law;

15 who do shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also witnessing with them, and between one another the thoughts accusing or else defending,

16 in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my good news, through Jesus Christ.

17 Lo, thou art named a Jew, and dost rest upon the law, and dost boast in God,

18 and dost know the will, and dost approve the distinctions, being instructed out of the law,

19 and hast confidence that thou thyself art a leader of blind ones, a light of those in darkness,

20 an instructor of foolish ones, a teacher of babes, having the form of the knowledge and of the truth in the law.

21 Thou, then, who art teaching another, thyself dost thou not teach?

22 thou who art preaching not to steal, dost thou steal? thou who art saying not to commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou who art abhorring the idols, dost thou rob temples?

23 thou who in the law dost boast, through the transgression of the law God dost thou dishonour?

24 for the name of God because of you is evil spoken of among the nations, according as it hath been written.

25 For circumcision, indeed, doth profit, if law thou mayest practise, but if a transgressor of law thou mayest be, thy circumcision hath become uncircumcision.

26 If, therefore the uncircumcision the righteousness of the law may keep, shall not his uncircumcision for circumcision be reckoned?

27 and the uncircumcision, by nature, fulfilling the law, shall judge thee who, through letter and circumcision, `art' a transgressor of law.

28 For he is not a Jew who is `so' outwardly, neither `is' circumcision that which is outward in flesh;

29 but a Jew `is' he who is `so' inwardly, and circumcision `is' of the heart, in spirit, not in letter, of which the praise is not of men, but of God.


Romans 2:1-29 Darby English Bible (DARBY)

1 Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, every one who judgest, for in that in which thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.

2 But we know that the judgment of God is according to truth upon those who do such things.

3 And thinkest thou this, O man, who judgest those that do such things, and practisest them [thyself], that *thou* shalt escape the judgment of God?

4 or despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leads thee to repentance?

5 but, according to thy hardness and impenitent heart, treasurest up to thyself wrath, in [the] day of wrath and revelation of [the] righteous judgment of God,

6 who shall render to each according to his works:

7 to them who, in patient continuance of good works, seek for glory and honour and incorruptibility, life eternal.

8 But to those that are contentious, and are disobedient to the truth, but obey unrighteousness, [there shall be] wrath and indignation,

9 tribulation and distress, on every soul of man that works evil, both of Jew first, and of Greek;

10 but glory and honour and peace to every one that works good, both to Jew first and to Greek:

11 for there is no acceptance of persons with God.

12 For as many as have sinned without law shall perish also without law; and as many as have sinned under law shall be judged by law,

13 (for not the hearers of the law [are] just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.

14 For when [those of the] nations, which have no law, practise by nature the things of the law, these, having no law, are a law to themselves;

15 who shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts accusing or else excusing themselves between themselves;)

16 in [the] day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my glad tidings, by Jesus Christ.

17 But if *thou* art named a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast in God,

18 and knowest the will, and discerningly approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law;

19 and hast confidence that thou thyself art a leader of the blind, a light of those who [are] in darkness,

20 an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, having the form of knowledge and of truth in the law:

21 thou then that teachest another, dost thou not teach thyself? thou that preachest not to steal, dost thou steal?

22 thou that sayest [man should] not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege?

23 thou who boastest in law, dost thou by transgression of the law dishonour God?

24 For the name of God is blasphemed on your account among the nations, according as it is written.

25 For circumcision indeed profits if thou keep [the] law; but if thou be a law-transgressor, thy circumcision is become uncircumcision.

26 If therefore the uncircumcision keep the requirements of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be reckoned for circumcision,

27 and uncircumcision by nature, fulfilling the law, judge thee, who, with letter and circumcision, [art] a law-transgressor?

28 For he is not a Jew who [is] one outwardly, neither that circumcision which is outward in flesh;

29 but he [is] a Jew [who is so] inwardly; and circumcision, of the heart, in spirit, not in letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.


Romans 2:1-29 World English Bible (WEB)

1 Therefore you are without excuse, O man, whoever you are who judge. For in that which you judge another, you condemn yourself. For you who judge practice the same things.

2 We know that the judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things.

3 Do you think this, O man who judges those who practice such things, and do the same, that you will escape the judgment of God?

4 Or do you despise the riches of his goodness, forbearance, and patience, not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance?

5 But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath, revelation, and of the righteous judgment of God;

6 who "will pay back to everyone according to their works:"

7 to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruptibility, eternal life;

8 but to those who are self-seeking, and don't obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, will be wrath and indignation,

9 oppression and anguish, on every soul of man who works evil, on the Jew first, and also on the Greek.

10 But glory and honor and peace to every man who works good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.

11 For there is no partiality with God.

12 For as many as have sinned without law will also perish without the law. As many as have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

13 For it isn't the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be justified

14 (for when Gentiles who don't have the law do by nature the things of the law, these, not having the law, are a law to themselves,

15 in that they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience testifying with them, and their thoughts among themselves accusing or else excusing them)

16 in the day when God will judge the secrets of men, according to my Gospel, by Jesus Christ.

17 Indeed you bear the name of a Jew, and rest on the law, and glory in God,

18 and know his will, and approve the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law,

19 and are confident that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness,

20 a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of babies, having in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth.

21 You therefore who teach another, don't you teach yourself? You who preach that a man shouldn't steal, do you steal?

22 You who say a man shouldn't commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?

23 You who glory in the law, through your disobedience of the law do you dishonor God?

24 For "the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you," just as it is written.

25 For circumcision indeed profits, if you are a doer of the law, but if you are a transgressor of the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.

26 If therefore the uncircumcised keep the ordinances of the law, won't his uncircumcision be accounted as circumcision?

27 Won't the uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfills the law, judge you, who with the letter and circumcision are a transgressor of the law?

28 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh;

29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit not in the letter; whose praise is not from men, but from God.


Romans 2:1-29 Bible in Basic English (BBE)

1 So you have no reason, whoever you are, for judging: for in judging another you are judging yourself, for you do the same things.

2 And we are conscious that God is a true judge against those who do such things.

3 But you who are judging another for doing what you do yourself, are you hoping that God's decision will not take effect against you?

4 Or is it nothing to you that God had pity on you, waiting and putting up with you for so long, not seeing that in his pity God's desire is to give you a change of heart?

5 But by your hard and unchanged heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of the revelation of God's judging in righteousness;

6 Who will give to every man his right reward:

7 To those who go on with good works in the hope of glory and honour and salvation from death, he will give eternal life:

8 But to those who, from a love of competition, are not guided by what is true, will come the heat of his wrath,

9 Trouble and sorrow on all whose works are evil, to the Jew first and then to the Greek;

10 But glory and honour and peace to all whose works are good, to the Jew first and then to the Greek:

11 For one man is not different from another before God.

12 All those who have done wrong without the law will get destruction without the law: and those who have done wrong under the law will have their punishment by the law;

13 For it is not the hearers of the law who will be judged as having righteousness before God, but only the doers:

14 For when the Gentiles without the law have a natural desire to do the things in the law, they are a law to themselves;

15 Because the work of the law is seen in their hearts, their sense of right and wrong giving witness to it, while their minds are at one time judging them and at another giving them approval;

16 In the day when God will be a judge of the secrets of men, as it says in the good news of which I am a preacher, through Jesus Christ.

17 But as for you who have the name of Jew, and are resting on the law, and take pride in God,

18 And have knowledge of his desires, and are a judge of the things which are different, having the learning of the law,

19 In the belief that you are a guide to the blind, a light to those in the dark,

20 A teacher of the foolish, having in the law the form of knowledge and of what is true;

21 You who give teaching to others, do you give it to yourself? you who say that a man may not take what is not his, do you take what is not yours?

22 You who say that a man may not be untrue to his wife, are you true to yours? you who are a hater of images, do you do wrong to the house of God?

23 You who take pride in the law, are you doing wrong to the honour of God by behaviour which is against the law?

24 For the name of God is shamed among the Gentiles because of you, as it is said in the holy Writings.

25 It is true that circumcision is of use if you keep the law, but if you go against the law it is as if you had it not.

26 If those who have not circumcision keep the rules of the law, will it not be credited to them as circumcision?

27 And they, by their keeping of the law without circumcision, will be judges of you, by whom the law is broken though you have the letter of the law and circumcision.

28 The true Jew is not one who is only so publicly, and circumcision is not that which may be seen in the flesh:

29 But he is a Jew who is a secret one, whose circumcision is of the heart, in the spirit and not in the letter; whose praise is not from men, but from God.

Commentary on Romans 2 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible


CHAPTER 2

Ro 2:1-29. The Jew under Like Condemnation with the Gentile.

From those without, the apostle now turns to those within the pale of revealed religion, the self-righteous Jews, who looked down upon the uncovenanted heathen as beyond the pale of God's mercies, within which they deemed themselves secure, however inconsistent their life may be. Alas! what multitudes wrap themselves up in like fatal confidence, who occupy the corresponding position in the Christian Church!

4. the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance—that is, is designed and adapted to do so.

5. treasurest up unto thyself wrath against—rather "in."

the day of wrath—that is wrath to come on thee in the day of wrath. What an awful idea is here expressed—that the sinner himself is amassing, like hoarded treasure, an ever accumulating stock of divine wrath, to burst upon him in "the day of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God!" And this is said not of the reckless, but of those who boasted of their purity of faith and life.

7-10. To them who, &c.—The substance of these verses is that the final judgment will turn upon character alone.

by patient continuance in well-doing, &c.—Compare Lu 8:15: "That on the good ground are they, which in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience"; denoting the enduring and progressive character of the new life.

8. But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, &c.—referring to such keen and determined resistance to the Gospel as he himself had too painfully witnessed on the part of his own countrymen. (See Ac 13:44-46; 17:5, 13; 18:6, 12; and compare 1Th 2:15, 16).

indignation and wrath—in the bosom of a sin-avenging God.

9. Tribulation and anguish—the effect of these in the sinner himself.

10. to the Jew first—first in perdition if unfaithful; but if obedient to the truth, first in salvation (Ro 2:10).

12. For as many as have sinned—not "as many as have sinned at all," but, "as many as are found in sin" at the judgment of the great day (as the whole context shows).

without law—that is, without the advantage of a positive Revelation.

shall also perish without law—exempt from the charge of rejecting or disregarding it.

and as many as have sinned in the law—within the pale of a positive, written Revelation.

shall be judged by the law—tried and condemned by the higher standard of that written Revelation.

13-15. For not the hearers, &c.—As touching the Jews, in whose ears the written law is continually resounding, the condemnation of as many of them as are found sinners at the last involves no difficulty; but even as respects the heathen, who are strangers to the law in its positive and written form—since they show how deeply it is engraven on their moral nature, which witnesses within them for righteousness and against iniquity, accusing or condemning them according as they violate or obey its stern dictates—their condemnation also for all the sin in which they live and die will carry its dreadful echo in their own breasts.

15. their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing—that is, perhaps by turns doing both.

16. In the day, &c.—Here the unfinished statement of Ro 2:12 is resumed and closed.

shall judge the secrets of men—here specially referring to the unfathomed depths of hypocrisy in the self-righteous whom the apostle had to deal with. (See Ec 12:14; 1Co 4:5).

according to my gospel—to my teaching as a preacher of the Gospel.

17-24. Behold—"But if" is, beyond doubt, the true reading here. (It differs but in a single letter from the received reading, and the sense is the same).

18. approvest the things that are excellent—"triest the things that differ" (Margin). Both senses are good, and indeed the former is but the result of the latter action. (See on Php 1:10).

20. hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law—not being left, as the heathen are, to vague conjecture on divine things, but favored with definite and precise information from heaven.

22. thou that abhorrest idols—as the Jews did ever after their captivity, though bent on them before.

dost thou commit sacrilege?—not, as some excellent interpreters, "dost thou rob idol temples?" but more generally, as we take it, "dost thou profane holy things?" (as in Mt 21:12, 13, and in other ways).

24. as it is written—(See Isa 52:5, Marginal reference).

25-29. For circumcision—that is, One's being within the covenant of which circumcision was the outward sign and seal.

verily profiteth, if thou keep the law—if the inward reality correspond to the outward sign.

but if, &c.—that is, "Otherwise, thou art no better than the uncircumcised heathen."

26. Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the … law, &c.—Two mistaken interpretations, we think, are given of these words: First, that the case here supposed is an impossible one, and put merely for illustration [Haldane, Chalmers, Hodge]; second that it is the case of the heathen who may and do please God when they act, as has been and is done, up to the light of nature [Grotius, Olshausen, &c.]. The first interpretation is, in our judgment, unnatural; the second, opposed to the apostle's own teaching. But the case here put is, we think, such as that of Cornelius (Ac 10:1-48), who, though outside the external pale of God's covenant, yet having come to the knowledge of the truths contained in it, do manifest the grace of the covenant without the seal of it, and exemplify the character and walk of Abraham's children, though not called by the name of Abraham. Thus, this is but another way of announcing that God was about to show the insufficiency of the mere badge of the Abrahamic covenant, by calling from among the Gentiles a seed of Abraham that had never received the seal of circumcision (see on Ga 5:6); and this interpretation is confirmed by all that follows.

28. he is not a Jew which is one outwardly, &c.—In other words, the name of "Jew" and the rite of "circumcision" were designed but as outward symbols of a separation from the irreligious and ungodly world unto holy devotedness in heart and life to the God of salvation. Where this is realized, the signs are full of significance; but where it is not, they are worse than useless.

Note, (1) It is a sad mark of depravity when all that is designed and fitted to melt only hardens the heart (Ro 2:4, and compare 2Pe 3:9; Ec 8:11). (2) Amidst all the inequalities of religious opportunity measured out to men, and the mysterious bearing of this upon their character and destiny for eternity, the same great principles of judgment, in a form suited to their respective discipline, will be applied to all, and perfect equity will be seen to reign throughout every stage of the divine administration (Ro 2:11-16). (3) "The law written on the heart" (Ro 2:14, 15)—or the Ethics of Natural Theology—may be said to be the one deep foundation on which all revealed religion reposes; and see on Ro 1:19, 20, where we have what we may call its other foundation—the Physics and Metaphysics of Natural Theology. The testimony of these two passages is to the theologian invaluable, while in the breast of every teachable Christian it wakens such deep echoes as are inexpressibly solemn and precious. (4) High religious professions are a fearful aggravation of the inconsistencies of such as make them (Ro 2:17-24). See 2Sa 12:14. (5) As no external privileges, or badge of discipleship, will shield the unholy from the wrath of God, so neither will the want of them shut out from the kingdom of heaven such as have experienced without them that change of heart which the seals of God's covenant were designed to mark. In the sight of the great Searcher of hearts, the Judge of quick and dead, the renovation of the character in heart and life is all in all. In view of this, have not all baptized, sacramented disciples of the Lord Jesus, who "profess that they know God, but in works deny Him," need to tremble—who, under the guise of friends, are "the enemies of the cross of Christ?"